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Ukuphathwa Okuqinile, Ikhwalithi Kuqala, Isevisi Ekhwalithi, Nokwaneliseka Kwekhasimende
Ukukhomba Amabhiliyoni Ebhakede Lezinto Zokuphehla NeGesi! Omunye Umphakathi Wamafutha Uvele!
Muva nje, i-TotalEnergies yaseFrance, ngokubambisana ne-QatarEnergy kanye ne-Petronas yaseMalaysia, isisayine ngokofficial umnqamulajuqu wokwabelana ngokukhiqiza we-S4 block ogwini lwe-Guyana. Lesi sivumelwano sikhombisa ukungena kwe-TotalEnergies ekuhloleni okwakhiwe ogwini lwe-Guyana njengomphathi okokuqala, holding a 40% working interest in the block.
Eminyakeni edlule, iGuyana ibonakale njengomunye wezindawo ezifunwa kakhulu emhlabeni zokuhlola uwoyela nogesi, enezinsiza uwoyela ezingaphezu kwezigidi eziyi-11 eziveziwe kule ndawo. Amandla ayo amakhulu ezinsiza aqhubeka nokudonsela ukunakwa kwezinkampani zamandla zomhlaba. NgoJulayi kulo nyaka, iChevron iqedile ukuthengwa kweHess Corporation okwakuyi-$53 billion, iqinisekisa ingxenye engu-30% ebhuthini leGuyana elibizwa ngeStabroek, ngaleyo ndlela iphumelele ukuthola indawo emkhakheni ophuhlayo kawoyela nogesi eGuyana. Ngokungena kweTotalEnergies, amajenti amakhulu kawoyela manje asehlanganisile futhi ancintisana kule ndawo, okuzoshintsha ikusasa lamandla lesi sizwe saseNingizimu Melika.
01.Umkhawulo S4 kanye neziqu zikaTotalEnergies
Ibhulokhi ye-S4 etholwa yi-TotalEnergies itholakala cishe ngamakhilomitha angama-50 kuya kwangama-100 ukusuka ogwini lwe-Guyana, ibamba indawo ephelele engama-1,788 amakhilomitha-skwele emanzini angaphansi. Le bhulokhi itholakala ngaphakathi kwesigodi esiqinisekisiwe esine-hydrocarbon esikhiphe ezinye zezinto ezinkulu kakhulu zokutholwa kwe-oyili emhlabeni ezinyangeni eziyishumi ezedlule.
Njengomphakathi, i-TotalEnergies inethuba lokusebenza elingu-40% ku-Block S4, kanti ozakwabo i-QatarEnergy ne-Petronas banama-35% nama-25% ngokulandelana. Le ngxenye yokwabelana ibonisa ubuholi be-TotalEnergies kanye nesikhundla sayo esiholayo kulolu hlangano, kanti futhi ibonisa isu layo lokubambisana emhlabeni jikelele.
Ngokwesivumelwano, uhlelo lokusebenza lokuqala lweBlock S4 luhlanganisa ukuthola ama-2,000 square kilometers wedatha ye-3D seismic ukuze kuhlolwe amathuba okucwaninga eblock. Lokhu kuhlola kokuqala kubalulekile ukuze kuqondwe izakhiwo zejolobha ezingaphansi komhlaba nokuhlonza izindawo ezingenzeka zibe nezimbobo.
UNicolas Mavilla, uMphathiswa Omkhulu Wokuhlola e-TotalEnergies, uthe "I-Block S4 ihambisana ngokuphelele nesu lethu eliyinhloko lokufuna izinsiza ezinkulu, eziphansi izindleko, nezincane ukukhishwa." Amazwi kaMavilla akhombisa ukugxila kwesu le-TotalEnergies — ukufuna izinsiza zamafutha negesi eziphumelelayo ngezindleko eziphansi nezikhishwa amagesi e-carbon aphansi phakathi kokushintsha kwamandla okuqhubekayo.
Kukhulunywa ukuthi iTotalEnergies ihlela ukuqala ukuthengwa kwemikhakha engu-2,000 square kilometers ye-3D seismic data esikhathini sokuqala sika-2026 futhi igwebe umthombo wokuqala wokuhlola ngaphambi kokuphela kuka-2027, inhloso yokuthola ukutholakala kwezohwebo phakathi nesikhathi sokuvumelana.
02.Ijazi Lamasondo: I-Guyana Iphuma Njengendawo Yokuhlola Emhlabeni
Ikhono leGuyana lokudonsela izinkampani zamandla zomhlaba ezifana neTotalEnergies kuncike kakhulu emlandweni wayo omangalisayo wezitholakala ze-oyili negesi eminyakeni yamuva. Kusukela ngo-2015, i-ExxonMobil kanye nabalingani bayo benze ngaphezu kwezitholakala eziyi-30 ze-oyili ebhuthini leStabroek elisogwini lweGuyana, kusheshisa ukuguqula leli lizwe libe umkhiqizi omkhulu we-oyili ophumayo emhlabeni.
Okwamanje, yonke imikhiqizo ye-oyili ye-Guyana ivela ebhuthini le-Stabroek. Kubikwa ukuthi ngephrojekthi ye-Yellowtail elindeleke ukuthi iqale ukukhiqiza esigabeni sesine sika-2025, ukuphela kokukhiqiza kwebhuthi kuzokhuphuka kube yizinkanyezi eziyi-940,000 ngosuku. I-ExxonMobil ibamba u-45% wentshisekelo kwebhuthi, i-Chevron ibamba u-30% wentshisekelo ngokuthola i-Hess, kanti i-CNOOC ibamba u-25% osele.
Ekupheleni kukaSepthemba konyaka, i-ExxonMobil imemezele isinqumo sokugcina sokutshalwa kwezimali sephrojekthi yesixuku sesixuku (i-Hammerhead), okulethe ukuzibophezela kokutshala imali kwe-consortium ku-block kube ngu-$60 billion futhi kwathuthukisa umgomo wayo "wokufinyelela ukukhiqiza ama-barrels angu-1.7 million we-oyili afanayo ngosuku ngonyaka ka-2030."
Uhulumeni waseGayana uhambisa phambili ukwehlukaniswa ekuthuthukisweni kwezinkanyezi zamafutha ukuze kuvinjelwe ukuhamba phambili kwemakethe yinkampani eyodwa noma i-consortium. UNgqongqoshe wezinsiza zemvelo uVickram Bharrat uthe ngaphandle kwesivumelwano neTotalEnergies, okungenani izivumelwano ezintathu zokuhlola izindawo zizobhalwa ngonyaka. Uhulumeni uphinde uxoxisana ne-exxonMobil consortium mayelana nemigomo yokuhlola enye indawo etholelwe ngesikhathi sokuthengiselana ngo-2023.
Ngokwendawo, iGuyana-Suriname Basin ibone imisebenzi emikhulu yokuhlola uwoyela nogesi ezinyangeni ezedlule, lapho iGuyana kuphela ithole khona ngaphezu kwamabhiliyoni ayi-13 wamabhali uwoyela afanayo eminyakeni eyishumi edlule. Njengoba abaphathi beqhubeka nokuhlola nokuthuthukisa izinsiza zeGuyana, umakhelwane wayo osempumalanga, iSuriname, uthola ukunakwa okukhulayo.
03.Ukuthonya Okuningi Kokungena Kwezimakethe KweTotalEnergies
Iphrojekthi yeGuyana iyingxenye ebalulekile yesu layo lokuhlola emhlabeni jikelele. Ngokwembono yesifunda, ukufika kweTotalEnergies kungenzeka kusheshise imisebenzi yokuhlola kuyo yonke iGuyana-Suriname Basin.
Nokho, ukubandakanyeka kwe-TotalEnergies akukhathalekile ukuthi kube neqhaza elisha lokuncintisana kulomkhiqizi wefutha elisha eNingizimu Amerika. Emakethe zamazwe omhlaba, ukuthuthukiswa okuhlukahlukene kwaleli hub lamandla amasha kuzokwenza kube nezinketho ezintsha zokutshalwa kwezimali kumali yamandla emhlabeni, ngenkathi kusebenza ekukhuleni kokuhlinzekwa okuqinile emakethe ye-crude oil phakathi kokuguqulwa okuphansi kwekhabhoni okuqhubekayo.
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