isiZulu
Ukuphathwa Okuqinile, Ikhwalithi Kuqala, Isevisi Ekhwalithi, Nokwaneliseka Kwekhasimende
Umfutho Wamafutha Umemezela Ukutholwa Okukhulu Kukayilo Negesi
Ngo-Mashi 17, 2026, inkampani enkulu yamandla ase-Italy i-Eni yamemezela ukutholakala okukhulu kwegesi yemvelo ngaphandle kweLibya, okudale ukunakwa kabanzi embonini kaphethiloli yamazwe ngamazwe. Ngokwesitatimende senkampani, imishayo emibili yokuhlola etholakala eningizimu yensimu yegesi iBahr Essalam iqinisekise isamba sezinsalela zegesi ezidlula i-trillion cubic feet eyodwa. Ukutholakala lokhu akugcini nje ngokugqamisa amandla amakhulu okuhlola asakhona ezindaweni zaseLibya kodwa futhi kuqinisa isikhundla samasu se-Eni njengenkampani ehamba phambili yamandla yamazwe ngamazwe kuleli zwe.
01. Izinzuzo zezinsiza ezinamandla aphezulu nentuthuko engabizi kakhulu ziyagqama
Izinsiza zegesi yemvelo ezitholakele ngalesi sikhathi zitholakala ezindaweni zesakhiwo i-BESS-2 ne-BESS-3 ngaphandle kukasolwandle iLibya, amakhilomitha angu-16 kuphela ukusuka enkundleni yegesi esebenzayo i-Bahr Essalam. Indawo yazo eyingqayizivele kanye nengcebo yezinsiza izinikeza izinzuzo ezibalulekile "zamandla aphezulu, izindleko eziphansi, nentuthuko esheshayo."
Ngokwezinga lekhwalithi yezinsiza, izikhala ezithwala igesi zatholwa kuzo zombili izimbobo zokuhlola ngaphakathi kweMetlaoui Formation, isikhombisi esikhulu esikhiqiza igesi esifundeni izici zayo zezinto eziphilayo seziqinisekisiwe ngokuhamba kweminyaka. Idatha yokuhlola yokubhola ekhishwe yi-Eni ibonisa ukuthi isikhombisi sinobukhwalithi obuhle namandla amakhulu okukhiqiza, okubeka isisekelo esiqinile sokuthuthukiswa okusebenzayo.
Njengesikhombisi esibalulekile sama-hydrocarbon eNyakatho Afrika, iMetlaoui Formation inothe ngento ephila ngokwemvelo esezingeni eliphezulu enamandla amakhulu okukhiqiza ama-hydrocarbon. Lesi sitholakaliso siqinisekisa kakhulu inani lokuhlola lendawo. Izilinganiso zokuqala zibonisa ukuthi izindawo zegesi ezihlanganisiwe ezindaweni ezimbili ezakhiweyo zidlula i-trillion cubic feet eyi-1, engaguqulwa ibe izindawo ezitholakalayo ezibalulekile, ziqinisekisa ukuhlinzekwa kwesikhathi eside okuzinzile kwesikhathi eside.
Ngokombono wokuthuthukiswa, inzuzo enkulu itholakala ekuphathweni okuseduze kwezinsiza ezikhona. Njengoba iyindawo enkulu kunawo wonke yamagesi olwandle eLibya, insimu yeBahr Essalam ibinemisebenzi ephelele yokukhiqiza, yokuthutha, kanye nohlelo lokucubungula kusukela yaqala ukusebenza ngo-2005. Ngemuva kokuthuthukiswa kwesigaba sesibili ngo-2018, ukukhiqizwa kwayo kwansuku zonke kwafinyelela ku-1.1 billion cubic feet. Insiza entsha yamagesi itholakala ngaphakathi kokufinyelela kwezinsiza ezikhona, okuvumela i-Eni ukuthi isebenzise izixhumanisi ukuze izixhume kuzo ngaphandle kokwakha inkundla entsha ezimele. Lokhu kunciphisa kakhulu izindleko zokuthuthukiswa futhi kunciphise isikhathi sokukhiqiza, okuhambisana nomkhuba wezimboni "wokunciphisa izindleko nokuthuthukisa ukusebenza kahle."
Ngaphezu kwalokho, iminyaka eminingi ka-Eni yokusebenza eLibya inikeza isiqinisekiso esinamandla. Njengomqhubi ohamba phambili wamazwe omhlaba kuleli zwe, u-Eni ujwayelene ne-geology yendawo kanye nemvelo yokusebenza futhi ugcina ubudlelwano obujulile neNational Oil Corporation of Libya (NOC). Ukukhiqizwa kwayo okulinganayo ngo-2025 kufinyelele cishe amabhalela angu-162,000 amafutha ngosuku. Njengamanje, amaphrojekthi amathathu okuthuthukiswa asemsebenzini, amabili kulawa alindeleke ukuthi aqale ukusebenza ngo-2026. Leli hlelo oluvuthiwe kanye nethimba elinolwazi luzosheshisa ukuthuthukiswa kwensimu entsha yegesi ngenkathi kuncishiswa ubungozi.
02. Ukusekela ukuvuselelwa kwamandla eLibya nokuqinisa ubukhosi besifunda be-Eni
Le miphumela ye-gas yemvelo ayisiyona nje kuphela ukwengeza okuncane kwezinsiza; iphinde ilethe imiphumela eminingi futhi ebanzi embonini yamandla eLibya, isu le-Eni, kanye nemakethe ye-gas yaseMediterranean, isebenza njengomgqugquzeli obalulekile wokuguqula umkhakha wamandla wesifunda.
E-Libya, lokhu kutholakala kunikeza ukwesekwa okubalulekile ekululameni komkhakha wayo wamandla. Njengelungu le-OPEC, umnotho weLibya uncike kakhulu ekuthengisweni kukaphethiloli negesi. Kodwa-ke, ngemuva kwezimpi zombango ngo-2011, izwe libe nokungazinzile isikhathi eside, ukulimala kwengqalasizinda yamandla, ukwehla okukhulu ekukhiqizweni kukaphethiloli ongahluziwe, kanye nokumiswa komkhakha walo wamandla. Njengoba isimo eLibya sizolile ngo-2025 futhi izinkampani zamandla zamazwe ngamazwe zibuyela, lokhu kutholakala kwamamitha ayi-trillion eyodwa cubic wegesi yemvelo kuzokwandisa izipesheli zikazwelonke zikazwelonke, kuthuthukisa kokubili ukuzimela kanye namandla okuthekelisa. Igasi elivela enkundleni entsha kulindeleke ukuthi libe yinto eza kuqala ukusetshenziswa ezindlini ukuze kuncishiswe ukushoda kwamandla futhi kusekelwe ukukhiqizwa kukagesi kanye nentuthuko yezimboni, kuyilapho futhi kungenzeka ukuthi kuthekeliswe e-Italy ukuze kukhiqizwe imali yangaphandle, kugxile umfutho ekwakhiweni kabusha ngemuva kwezimpi kanye nokululama komnotho.
KwaEni, ukutholakala lokhu kumela isinyathelo esikhulu ekuhlanganiseni isikhundla sayo esihamba phambili ezweni nasekuphucuzeni ipotfoliyo yayo yamasu. Ngokubhekiswa kwenguquko yamandla emhlabeni wonke, igesi yemvelo isibe yinto ebalulekile njengophele umhlophe wokuguqukela, futhi i-Eni ibheka iLibya njengemakethe eyinhloko yamasu. Ukutholakala lokhu kwandisa izinsiza zayo zemithombo nescope yokusebenza, kudala ipatheni yokusebenzisana "yamasimu akhona kanye nokutholakala okusha" okwandisa amandla okukhiqiza nesabelo semakethe. Ukuthuthukiswa okungabizi kakhulu, okusheshayo kuzokhiqiza izinzuzo ezizinzile futhi kunciphise ingcindezi evela ekushintshashintshweni kwemakethe. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ubudlelwano bayo obujulile ne-NOC buvumelana nendima ye-Eni ekuqinisekiseni ukuphepha kwamandla aseYurophu, kuphucuze kakhulu umkhondo wayo eMedithera, kuqinise ukuncintisana kwayo emakethe yamagesi yomhlaba wonke, futhi kusekele isu layo lokunciphisa ukukhishwa kwekhabhoni.
Ngokombono wemakethe yesifunda, lesi sitholakale sisizo kakhulu ekuthuthukiseni indlela yokuhlinzekwa kwesigesi semvelo eMedithera. Njengoba itholakala eduze kwezimakethe zabathengi baseYurophu, iLibya ikakhulu ithumela igesi e-Italy nge-pipeline ye-Greenstream, bese ifinyelela emakethe elibanzi laseYurophu. IYurophu incike kakhulu ekungenisweni kukagesi wesigesi. Uma inkundla entsha isiqala ukusebenza, izokwandisa amandla okuhlinzekwa kukagesi kweLibya, iqinise ukuphepha kwamandla aseYurophu, futhi inciphise ubunzima bokufunwa nokuhlinzekwa kukagesi emhlabeni wonke. Ngaphezu kwalokho, njengoba abadlali abakhulu njengoTotal noConocoPhillips bebuyela eLibya, ukuncintisana kulo mkhakha kuyanda. Isitholakale sika-Eni sizolwenza luqine ubufakazi bayo bokuncintisana, sihehe isigaba esisha semali yamazwe omhlaba, futhi siqhubekisele phambili ubuchwepheshe kanye nokulinganisa izindlela zemboni kuleli zwe.
Nokho, le nqubekela phambili ibuye ibhekane nezinselele ezingenzeka: ubudlelwano bezombusazwe eLibya abukaxazululwa ngokuphelele, futhi ubungozi bezombusazwe nezokuphepha buhlala buyinto enkulu engacacile. Izinkinga zemvelo nokubambisana komphakathi nazo kudingeka zixazululwe kahle. Sekukonke, nokho, ukubaluleka okuhle kwalokhu kutholakele okusha kudlula kakhulu izinselele, futhi izinsiza ezinamandla aphezulu kanye nezinzuzo zentuthuko engabizi kakhulu kuyodala umphumela wokunqoba-kunqoba kuLibya naku-Eni.
Ngokufingqa, ukutholwa kwegesi lemvelo yi-Eni ngasolwandle kweLibya akumele nje kuphela impumelelo yokuhlola enenzuzo kwezohwebo kodwa futhi kuyisibonelo esincane sezindawo zamandla ezishintshayo zeMediterranean. Akunikezi nje iLibya ithuba eliphindwe kabili lokwanelisa isidingo sasekhaya nokwandisa imali engenayo yokuthekelisa kodwa futhi kunikeza i-Eni amandla amasha okuphumelela isakhiwo sayo sezimpahla nokuvuselela isikhundla sayo emakethe yesifunda. Njengoba imisebenzi yokuqinisekisa iqhubeka futhi izinhlelo zentuthuko zakhiwa, inani langempela lalokhu kutholwa lizocaca kakhulu.
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