isiZulu
Ukuphathwa Okuqinile, Ikhwalithi Kuqala, Isevisi Ekhwalithi, Nokwaneliseka Kwekhasimende
Umfutho omkhulu wamafutha umemezela ukutholwa okukhulu! I-Sinopec ingama-18% esitokweni
Ngo-Ephreli 20, 2026, inkampani enkulu yamandla ase-Italy i-Eni yamemezela ngokusemthethweni impumelelo enkulu ekutholeni igesi yemvelo emthonjeni wokuhlola i-Geliga-1 ku-Ganal Block ye-Kutai Basin, ngaphandle kwe-East Kalimantan, e-Indonesia. Izilinganiso zokuqala zibonisa ukuthi okutholakele okukhulu kunegesi yemvelo engaba yi-trillion cubic feet (Tcf) ezi-5 kanye namabareli angu-300 ezigidi we-condensate. Izinsiza ezinkulu zamafutha negesi ezitholwe kulo mhloli, zihlanganiswe nemiphumela yokuqhubeka kokuhlola esifundeni, izinhlelo zokuthuthukisa izindawo, nokuhlanganiswa kwezimpahla ezingaphesheya komngwazo, kubonisa isigaba esibalulekile ekuhloleni amafutha negesi asezingxenyeni ezijulile zamanzi. Ziphinde futhi zilethe izinto ezintsha kuphothifoliyo yangaphandle yomlingani wayo i-Sinopec.
01. Ukutholwa Okukhulu Kwamanzi Ajulile
Itholakala emanzini ajulile, cishe ngo-70 km ukusuka ogwini lwe-East Kalimantan, e-Indonesia, i-Geliga-1 giant gas discovery itholakala emanzini asebenza ngawo ajula cishe amamitha angu-2,000. Umgodi wokuhlola wafinyelela ekujuleni okuphelele kwamamitha angu-5,100 futhi wahlangana nomugqa omkhulu wegesi osezingeni eliphezulu ezindaweni eziqondisiwe ze-Miocene. Indawo yokugcina igesi ibonisa izici ezinhle kakhulu ze-petrophysical, okubeka isisekelo esiqinile sezinto eziphilayo sokuthuthukiswa kahle okulandelayo. I-drill stem test (DST) izokwenziwa esigabeni esilandelayo ukuze kunqunywe ngokunembayo izici zokukhiqiza indawo yokugcina igesi.
Ukutholwa kwe-Geliga-1 akuyona imiphumela yokuhlola eyodwa, kodwa kunalokho kuwukwephula okuqhubekayo okuvela emizamweni eqhubekayo neqhubekayo ka-Eni yokuhlola eKutai Basin. Ngaphambili, kwenziwe ukutholwa okubalulekile kwamafutha negesi ngokulandelana kulesi sifunda: insimu enkulu yegesi iGeng North yatholwa ngo-20 km eningizimu ye-Geliga well ekupheleni kuka-2023, futhi enye impumelelo yokuhlola ku-Konta-1 well yamenyezelwa ngoDisemba 2025. Le ngqekethe yokutholwa okulandelanayo iqinisekise amandla amakhulu ezinsiza kanye nokukala okukhulu kwezinto ezingekho emanzini ezakhiweni ezijulile zeKutai Basin.
Ngokwemininingwane eyavezwa kuwebhusayithi esemthethweni ye-Eni, isiqongqothelana segesi sitholakala ngaphakathi kwebhulokhi ye-Ganal Production Sharing Contract (PSC) esetshenziswa yi-Eni, lapho i-Eni iphethe u-82% wesabelo sokusebenza kanti i-Sinopec iphethe u-18% wesabelo sokubamba iqhaza. Ubunikazi bezimpahla bebhulokhi buhlukile: ingenye yezimpahla eziyinhloko i-Eni ehlela ukuyifaka kuSearah, ibhizinisi elihlanganyela nePetronas. Le nhlangano ehlangene yakhiwa ngamabhulokhi kawoyela negesi angu-19 emhlabeni wonke (ingu-14 e-Indonesia kanye nengu-5 e-Malaysia). Ukubambisana kwamenyezelwa ngokusemthethweni ngoNovemba 2025, kulindeleke ukuthi izimpahla ziqedwe ngo-2026 kwikota yesibili. Izinsiza ezitholakele ezihlanganisiwe sezizonke zifinyelela cishe kumabhalari angu-3 ezigidi zamafutha afanayo, kuyilapho futhi kuvulwa amathuba amakhulu okuhlola angakasetshenziswa.
Njengoba ibhodi eliyinhloko eliphethe ama-hydrocarbon e-Indonesia, iKutai Basin iphethe ngaphezu kuka-90% wezinsiza zikazwelonke ezifakazelwe nezohwebo zamafutha negesi. Lokhu okutholakele okusha kuqhubeka nokuvula amathuba okuhlola ajulile esifundeni. Kuhlangene nempumelelo edlule eGeng North, Konta-1, namanye amachibi egasi, isifunda senze iphethini lokuhlola nokuthuthukisa elihlangene, elinikeza isisekelo esiqinile sezinsiza zokukhululwa kwamandla amakhulu okukhiqiza igesi yemvelo.
I-Eni isiqedile ukuthatha izinqumo zokugcina zokutshalwa kwezimali (FID) emaphrojekthi amabili amakhulu ezindawana: i-Gendalo-Gandang Southern Hub kanye ne-Geng North-Gehem Northern Hub. I-Northern Hub izofakwa iyunithi entsha ye-floating production, storage, and offloading (FPSO), eyenzelwe ukubhekana ne-billion eyodwa cubic feet ngosuku yegesi yemvelo kanye namabhalela angu-90,000 ngosuku we-condensate. Izoxhunyaniswa futhi nesikhungo sokwenza uqweqwe lwegesi (LNG) sase-Bontang esikhona ukuze kuthunyelwe izinsiza ngaphandle. Ngokuqondene nentuthuko ehlangene yezinsiza, i-Geliga-1 kanye nensimu eseduze engathuthukisiwe yegesi i-Gula—eqinisa i-trillion cubic feet ezimbili zegesi yemvelo kanye namabhalela ayizigidi ezingu-75 we-condensate—izokwakha ukusebenzisana kwezinsiza ezisezingeni eliphezulu. Izilinganiso zokuqala zibonisa ukuthi ukuthuthukiswa okuhlangene kwamabhulokhi amabili kungangeza i-billion eyodwa cubic feet ngosuku yegesi yemvelo kanye namabhalela angu-80,000 ngosuku we-condensate, kwakha izimo ezivumayo zokwakha ngokushesha indawo yesithathu enkulu yokukhiqiza e-Kutai Basin. Ngaleso sikhathi, i-Eni yenza izifundo ezikhethekile zokwandisa umthamo wokwenza uqweqwe lwegesi (liquefaction capacity) wesikhungo se-Bontang LNG futhi sandise isikhathi sokusebenza kwaso, iqinisa isikhundla se-Kutai Basin njengendawo eyinhloko yokuhlinzeka nge-LNG e-Southeast Asia. Kwa-Eni, lokhu kwanda kwezinsiza kuzothuthukisa i-portfolio yayo engenhla (upstream portfolio) e-Southeast Asia futhi inike amandla i-Searah joint venture ukufeza umgomo wokukhiqiza ozinzile wamabhalela angu-500,000 we-oil equivalent ngosuku esikhathini esimaphakathi futhi ibe umhlinzeki we-LNG omkhulu esifundeni.
02. Sinopec kanye ne-Eni: Bahlangene ukuze kufezeke Inqubekela Phambili Ehlangene
Ukubambisana phakathi kweSinopec ne-Eni kunomlando omude. Sekudala ngoJulayi 25, 2011, izinhlangothi ezimbili zasayina iSivumelwano Sokubambisana Ngamasu, zavumelana ngokuhlola ngokuhlanganyela amathuba ebhizinisi ahlukahlukene eChina nasemazweni omhlaba ukuze kufezeke izinzuzo ezihlangene nemiphumela yokuwina.
Ngokutholakala okukhulu kwamafutha negesi e-Geliga-1, i-Sinopec, njengomunye wabatshali bezimali abakhulu kuleli bhulokhi, izuze inzuzo ngqo kulokhu. Lokhu akugcini nje ngokuba ubufakazi obusha bokubambisana okuqhubekayo kwamandla omngcele phakathi kwalezi zinhlangothi, kodwa futhi kuwuphumelelo olubalulekile lobudlelwano bazo besu elide emkhakheni wokuthola izinsiza. Ibhulokhi iGanal, lapho kutholakale khona iGeliga-1, ibilokhu iyindawo ebalulekile yezinhloso zokutshala izimali ze-Sinopec iminyaka engaphezu kweshumi. Ngeminyaka yemizamo eqhubekayo, kuphumelele ukutholakala kwezinsiza eziningi, okubonisa ngokugcwele inani lokutshala izimali okwenziwe isikhathi eside.
Ngaphandle kwe-Indonesia, izinhlangothi zombili zihlanganise kakhulu izindawo zazo zokukhiqiza uphethiloli emhlabeni wonke. Ngokwesibonelo, ku-Block 15/06 yasolwandle olujulile e-Angola, baye bahlanganyela ekuhloleni nasekuthuthukiseni. I-Sinopec iphethe isabelo esingu-26.32% kuleli bloch futhi ibamba iqhaza ekuthuthukisweni kwesimbi esijulile esiholwa yi-Eni, iqoqa ulwazi lokuthuthukisa olugcwele okuhlanganisa ukugawula olwandle olujulile nokusebenza kwamapulatifomu, ngaleyo ndlela yakha uhlelo oluhlangene ezindaweni ezimbili ezinkulu zezinsiza zasolwandle olujulile e-Asia nase-Afrika. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukubambisana kwabo kunwetshwa emkhakheni wokuhlanzwa kukaphethiloli, lapho i-Eni idlulisela ubuchwepheshe bayo obuthuthukisiwe be-EST (slurry bed residue hydroconversion) ku-Sinopec ukuze busebenze esikhungweni sokuhlanzwa nokukhiqiza amakhemikhali sase-Maoming, okwenza ukuthuthukiswa kahle kukaphethiloli osindayo nokufeza ukuhambisana kobuchwepheshe kusukela ekukhiqizeni kuya ekuhlanzweni.
Ukubambisana kwesikhathi eside kuphumelele izinto eziningi ezibalulekile: okokuqala, ukwanda okuqhubekayo kwezinsiza zegesi yemvelo yaphesheya kwezilwandle ezisezingeni eliphezulu, njengoba izinsiza ezintsha zihlanganiswe nezinsiza zegesi yaseGula zandisa kakhulu izimpahla zikaSinopec zikawoyela negesi zaphesheya kwezilwandle, zithuthukisa isakhiwo sezinsiza zayo, futhi zihambisana nokuphepha kokuhlinzekwa kwamandla asekhaya eChina kanye nezidingo zokuguqukela kumandla aphansi; okwesibili, ubuchwepheshe obuqongelekile bokuthuthukisa amanzi ajulile, njengoba ukubamba iqhaza kuphrojekthi yase-Indonesia yohlobo lwamamitha angu-2,000 amanzi ajulile kusiza iSinopec ukuthi igcwalise izikhala zobuchwepheshe futhi ithuthukise amakhono ayo obunjiniyela bamanzi ajulile aphesheya kwezilwandle; kanye nesithathu, izinzuzo ezabiwe ezivela ekuhlanganisweni kwezimpahla ezingaphesheya komngcele, njengoba ngemuva kokuthi ibhulokhi yaseGanal ifakwe ku-Searah joint venture, ukuthuthukiswa okukhulu kuzokwandisa inani lezimpahla, futhi intshisekelo kaSinopec engu-18% izozuza kule nenzuzo ngesikhathi esifanayo. Ngokubhekisela kutholakale okusha, ukubaluleka kwamasu kweSinopec kuyajula: kuqinisa ukuhlelwa phezulu kukaSinopec eNingizimu-mpumalanga ye-Asia ngokusebenzisa inzuzo yendawo yase-Indonesia njengesikhungo esibalulekile sokudla e-Asia Pacific, kwandisa iziteshi zokuhlinzekwa kwegesi zaphesheya kwezilwandle futhi kusekela ukuhlinzekwa kwegesi yemvelo okuzinzile emakethe yasekhaya; kuthuthukisa ukwethembana kwezamasu ne-Eni, kuthatha lokhu kutholakala okukhulu njengethuba lokwandisa ukubambisana komhlaba wonke; futhi kunika amandla ukuthuthukiswa kwamanye amazwe kukaSinopec ngokusebenzisa izinzuzo ezigcwele zomkhakha we-Eni ukwandisa izimpahla ezisezingeni eliphezulu ngendlela enenzuzo futhi kuthuthukise ithonya lezinkampani zaseShayina emkhakheni kawoyela negesi emanzini ajulile eNingizimu-mpumalanga ye-Asia.
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