Izigidi eziyinkulungwane zamabhali ezintsha ezitholakele! Ingabe umuntu olandelayo ozokwenza uwoyela ube yisihloko usezweni?

Ezinsukwini ezimbalwa ezedlule, i-PETRONAS, inkampani kaphethiloli kazwelonke yaseMalaysia, imemezele imiphumela yayo yakamuva yokuhlola olwandle eSuriname—ukutholwa okusha okubili kanye nomthombo wokuhlola ophumelele, okwenza inani lemithombo ephumelele e-Block 52 lifinyelele kweyisishiyagalombili, futhi kwavula izinsiza ezingatholwa eziyizigidi eziyinkulungwane zamabhali kaphethiloli.

1. I-PETRONAS ithola enye impumelelo eSuriname

Emisebenzini yakamuva ye-PETRONAS yokumba eSuriname, kunezinto eziningi ezigqamile: umthombo wokuhlola i-Caiman 1, ekujuleni kwamanzi okungamamitha angu-90, wembiwa wafinyelela ekujuleni okuphelele kwamamitha angu-5,065, wahlangabezana nezingqimba ze-sandstone ze-Cretaceous eziqukethe uwoyela; umthombo wokuhlola i-Swartzia Aspasia Complex 1 (SAC 1), otholakala cishe ngamakhilomitha angu-8 empumalanga yokutholakala kwegesi i-Sloanea 1, ekujuleni kwamanzi okungamamitha angu-610, wembiwa wafinyelela ekujuleni okuphelele kwamamitha angu-4,560, wahlangabezana nezinqwaba ze-sandstone ezigcwele igesi, futhi ukuhlolwa kwemigodi kwakuqinisekisa ukukhiqiza okuqinile kwegesi yemvelo kanye nekhwalithi enhle yezinqwaba; ngaphezu kwalokho, umthombo wokuhlola i-Roystonea 2, otholakala cishe ngamakhilomitha angu-7 enyakatho ye-Roystonea 1, waqinisekisa ubukhulu bokuhlakazeka kwezingqimba ezigcwele uwoyela, futhi ukuhlolwa kwabonisa ukukhiqiza okuqinile kukawoyela ongahluziwe.

Kuze kube manje, yonke imithombo eyisishiyagalombili embiwe yi-PETRONAS e-Block 52 iphumelele – okuhlanganisa i-Roselle 1, i-Sloanea 1, i-Roystonea 1, i-Fusaea 1, i-Sloanea 2, i-Caiman 1, i-SAC 1 kanye ne-Roystonea 2 – ngezinga lempumelelo elingafika ku-100%.

I-PETRONAS, njengomqhubi weBlock 52, inesabelo esingama-80%, kuyilapho u-20% osele uphethwe yiParadise Oil Company, inkampani ephethwe ngokuphelele yiStaatsolie, inkampani kawoyela kazwelonke yaseSuriname.

Ngaphambilini, i-PETRONAS yayisivele yathola okuthile eSuriname – ukuthola insimu yegesi iSloanea, futhi ngoNovemba 2025 yanquma ukuyisebenzisa ukuze ithole imali. I-PETRONAS ihlela ukuthuthukisa ukutholakala kwegesi iSloanea ngohlelo oluhlanganisiwe lwe-Floating Liquefied Natural Gas (FLNG), kanti isinqumo sokugcina sokutshala izimali kulindeleke ukuthi sithathwe ekupheleni kuka-2026.

Isikhulu Esiphezulu Se-PETRONAS u-Mohd Jukris Abdul Wahab uthe: "Imithombo yethu eyisishiyagalombili eyimpumelelo eSuriname ivule izinsiza ezingatholakala ezingaphezu kwezigidi eziyinkulungwane zamabhali kawoyela, okubonisa amandla ethu obuchwepheshe, ukusebenza ngokuqinile kanye nobudlelwano obuqinile eSuriname."

1. Uwoyela omusha osafufusa ovela ku-“Golden Belt” yaseNingizimu Melika

Ukuqhuma kwamanzi kawoyela negesi kwamanje eSuriname akunakuhlukaniswa "nomphumela wokubonisa" womakhelwane wayo, iGuyana.

Kule minyaka eyishumi edlule, i-Stabroek block eGuyana iyodwa ithole izinqolobane ezingaphezu kwezigidi eziyizinkulungwane eziyi-13 zamafutha negesi. I-ExxonMobil, njengomqhubi waleli blok (ephethe amaphesenti angu-45), isivele iqoqe izinto ezingama-46 ezitholakele kuleli blok, futhi umkhiqizo kawoyela ongahluziwe udlula izigidi ezingama-900 zamabhareli ngosuku. Njengoba amaphrojekthi abalulekile eqala ukusebenza ngo-2026, umkhiqizo kawoyela waseGuyana nsuku zonke uzodlula izigidi eziyi-1.1 zamabhareli. I-Stabroek block isivele yathola izinqolobane zamafutha negesi ezingaphezu kwezigidi eziyizinkulungwane eziyi-11 zamabhareli, futhi uma wonke amakhukhu ayi-10 ahleliwe okukhiqiza nokugcina (FPSO) eseqalile ukusebenza, umkhiqizo ophelele waleli blok uzofinyelela ezigidini eziyi-1.5 zamabhareli ngosuku.

Isimangaliso sikawoyela saseGuyana sidonse ukunaka okukhulu eSuriname, ehlanganyela umgodi womhlaba ofanayo nayo. Umgodi waseSuriname-Guyana unokufana okukhulu ngokomhlaba, futhi izikhungo zocwaningo zamazwe ngamazwe zezamandla ngokuvamile zikholelwa ukuthi iSuriname inamandla kawoyela negesi afana nalawo aseGuyana.

I-Rystad Energy ibikezela ukuthi utshalomali lwezimali emkhakheni we-upstream waseSuriname luzofinyelela ku-$9.5 billion phakathi kuka-2025 no-2027. I-Wood Mackenzie iphinde iveze ukuthi ngo-2025, iSuriname yadlula iGuyana okokuqala ngqa ukuba izwe elinenani eliphezulu lemigodi yokuhlola nokuhlola i-oyili negesi olwandle olwandle emkhakheni.

Leli thuba elikhangayo ngokwemvelo liheha ukuncintisana kwezingqungqulu zikawoyela emhlabeni jikelele —

I-TotalEnergies isebenzisa iphrojekthi iGranMorgu eBlock 58, ngotshalomali olufinyelela ku-$10.5 billion, futhi kulindeleke ukuthi iqale ukusebenza ngo-2028, ibe yindawo yokuqala enkulu yamafutha ajulile olwandle eSuriname. I-TotalEnergies iphinde ihlela ukuqala umzuliswano omusha wokumba imigodi eminingi eBlock 58 ngo-2027. Kuze kube manje, i-TotalEnergies ithole cishe amabhiliyoni ayi-1.6 wamafutha alinganayo eBlock 58.

I-APA Corporation ibambisene ne-TotalEnergies ekuthuthukiseni i-Block 58 (iphethe amaphesenti angu-40 enzalo), futhi ngesikhathi esifanayo ihlonze cishe izigidi eziyikhulu zamabhali kawoyela ezilinganayo ku-Block 53; I-Shell ihlela ukumba umthombo we-Araku Deep 1 ku-Block 65, okuwumthombo wayo wokuqala kwezine eSuriname; I-Chevron isenesikhathi eside ihlola izindawo ezisogwini olunezintaba zaseSuriname futhi isayine isivumelwano sokwabelana ngomkhiqizo ne-Staatsolie; I-QatarEnergy isayine izivumelwano zokwabelana ngomkhiqizo kuma-Block 9 no-10 eSuriname, futhi ithathe amaphesenti angu-20 enzalo ye-Chevron ngemuva kokuhamba kwayo futhi isebenza njengomqhubi ku-Block 5.

Izikhulu ze-PETRONAS nazo zisho ngokucacile ukuthi i-Block 52 itholakala emgwaqweni we-“Golden Belt” onamathuba amakhulu, futhi le nkampani kaphethiloli kazwelonke igxile ekuguquleni lesi sizinda sibe yinani lesikhathi eside eSuriname nakuyona inkampani.

Kulo "Bhande Legolide" eNingizimu Melika, ukuhlelwa kwezinkampani zikawoyela negesi zaseShayina akunakushaywa indiva. I-CNOOC iyona eyaqala futhi eyazuza kakhulu. Ngokusebenzisa inkampani yayo engaphansi ephethwe ngokugcwele i-CNOOC Petroleum Guyana Limited, i-CNOOC inesabelo esingama-25% eStabroek block eGuyana. Njengoba iStabroek block inezinsiza eziphelele ezingaphezu kwezigidi eziyizinkulungwane eziyi-11 zamabhali kawoyela, i-CNOOC izuze izinzuzo ezinkulu kulesi sifunda esisha sikawoyela negesi esiheha kakhulu emhlabeni. Isifunda saseGuyana sesiyindawo enkulu kakhulu yokutshalwa kwezimali kwe-CNOOC phesheya kwezilwandle.

I-PetroChina ibheke ngqo eSuriname. NgoSepthemba 2024, i-PetroChina yasayina ngokusemthethweni izivumelwano zokukhiqiza ngokuhlanganyela kuma-Blocks 14 no-15 asemanzini angashoni eSuriname, ibambe i-70% yenzalo yenkontileka futhi isebenza njengomqhubi, okuwukuthi okokuqala inkampani yaseShayina ithola ukusebenza kwama-block kawoyela negesi eSuriname. Lawa mabloko amabili atholakala endaweni yamanzi angashoni empumalanga yeSuriname Guyana basin, ukujula kwamanzi kusukela ku-50 kuye ku-150 wamamitha. I-PetroChina isiqalile ukusebenza kokuthwebula i-3D seismic, kanti i-Staatsolie ibambe i-30% yenzalo esele ngenkampani engaphansi kwayo.

Kusukela ekutholakaleni kwamabhiliyoni amabili kaGuyana kuya ekujuleni kweSuriname okusheshayo, le "Bhande Legolide" eNingizimu Melika liguqula isimo se-oyili negesi emhlabeni wonke emanzini ajulile. Ukutholakala kwamabhiliyoni amabili kaPETRONAS kusaqala nje – njengoba iphrojekthi yeGranMorgu kaTotalEnergies izoqala ukusebenza ngo-2028, ukuhlola okuqhubekayo kwezinkampani ezinkulu ezifana neShell neChevron, kanye nokuhileleka okujulile kwezinkampani zaseShayina zika-oyili negesi, iSuriname kulindeleke ukuthi ibe enye inkanyezi ekhanyayo yezwe laseNingizimu Melika, ilandela iGuyana.