isiZulu
Ukuphathwa Okuqinile, Ikhwalithi Kuqala, Isevisi Ekhwalithi, Nokwaneliseka Kwekhasimende
U-$16 Billion! Isigebengu sikawoyela saseMpumalanga Ephakathi sivala isivumelwano sokubambisana!
Muva nje, i-Kuwait Oil Company (KOC) isayine isivumelwano sokubambisana sengqalasizinda yamapayipi ayizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezingama-16 zamaRandi (esinekhodi ethi “Project Peregrine”) neqembu lamazwe ngamazwe elihlanganisa i-Blackstone, i-Brookfield, ne-KKR. Lesi sivumelwano sihlanganisa inethiwekhi yamapayipi kawoyela waseKuwait angaphakathi nezwe nawokuthekelisa. Kulindeleke ukuthi kukhiqize imali engenayo engu-$7.85 billion ukuze kuxhaswe ukwanda kwe-KOC emkhakheni wokukhiqiza kanye nokusekela inhloso yaseKuwait yokukhuphula umthamo wokukhiqiza uwoyela ongahluziwe ube yizigidi ezi-4 zamabhakede ngosuku ngo-2035.
Lokhu kutshalwa kwezimali kumaka ukutshalwa kwezimali okukhulu kakhulu emlandweni waseKuwait futhi kungokokuqala lapho abatshali bezimali abakhulu bamazwe ngamazwe bezibophezela imali yesikhathi eside engqalasizinda yamandla yezwe. Izikhulu zithe naphezu kwezingxabano eziqhubekayo esifundeni, isivumelwano sikhombisa ukuthi abatshali bezimali bomhlaba wonke basabheka iKuwait njengemakethe eqinile. Ngaphambilini, iKuwait ibifuna ukuqoqa imali entsha njengoba ukuhlaselwa okuphindaphindiwe kulimaza ingqalasizinda ebalulekile, okukhuphula izindleko zokulungisa.
01. Ukubambisana Okukhulu Kwezigidi Eziyizinkulungwane Ezingama-16 ZamaRandi
Ngokwesimemezelo, lena yinto evamile yokuthi "ukuthengisa nokubuyisela umhlaba". I-KOC izodlulisela amalungelo okusebenzisa wonke amapayipi ayo angu-13 kawoyela ongahluziwe, anobude obungaba ngu-320 km, enkampanini entsha yaseKuwait eyinhlanganisela iminyaka engu-20.5. I-KOC inesabelo esingu-51% kule nhlanganisela futhi igcina ubunikazi obugcwele kanye nokulawula ukusebenza kwenethiwekhi yamapayipi. Abatshalizimali abathathu bezikhungo – iBlackstone, iBrookfield, neKKR – bahlanganyela ngokulinganayo esabelweni esisele esingu-49%. Le nhlanganisela izokhokhisa i-KOC izimali zokuthutha ngokususelwa emthwalweni, kuyilapho i-KOC izothola cishe u-$7.85 billion njengoxhaso lwangaphambili.
Inani eliyinhloko lalokhu kuthengiselana liqala ukubonakala ezingeni lokwabiwa kwezimali. I-Kuwait Petroleum Corporation (KPC) ngaphambilini yayimemezele uhlelo lokutshala izimali olungaphezulu kwezigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezingama-32.5 zamarandi oluzokwenziwa ngenkampani yayo engaphansi i-KOC kuze kube ngu-2029, futhi imali engu-$7.85 billion ezotholwa kusenesikhathi izofakwa ngqo kulolu hlelo lokusebenzisa izimali, inikeze ukwesekwa okubalulekile koketshezi emsebenzini wokuhlola nokuthuthukisa. Uma kucatshangwa ukuthi i-KOC isihlele ukusebenzisa izigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezingama-3.9 zamarandi ekubholeni ukuhlola ngo-2030, ukufika kwale mali ngesikhathi kuzosheshisa kakhulu ijubane lokwandisa amandla. E-Kuwait, okwamanje esesikhathini senguquko phakathi kwezindawo zikawoyela ezindala nokutholwa okusha, le ndlela yokushintshana ngezimpahla ezikhona ukuze kutholwe imali eyengeziwe inokubaluleka okukhulu.
Ukujula okukhulu kuletha ukuhlukahluka kwemithombo yemali. USekela Mphathi kanye ne-CEO ye-KPC, uShaikh Nawaf Saud Al Sabah, uveze ngokusobala ukuthi lesi sivumelwano "sithumela umqondo oqinile wokuthi i-Kuwait iyaqhubeka nokuvela njengendawo ekhethwayo yemali yomhlaba wonke, ngisho nasesimweni esiyinselele sesifunda." Isikhathi eside, umkhakha we-upstream wase-Kuwait wawuhlala uvaliwe ekutshalweni kwezimali kwamanye amazwe ngenxa yezingxabano zezombusazwe, kodwa ukuhlelwa kabusha kwezombusazwe kwakamuva empeleni kususe izithiyo eziningi zezikhungo. I-Project Peregrine imele ukusetshenziswa okungokomlando kwalolu shintsho lwenqubomgomo emkhakheni we-midstream infrastructure, okuphawula ukwamukela kwe-Kuwait imali yesikhathi eside yamazwe ngamazwe ezikhungweni zayo eziyinhloko zamandla ezingeni likazwelonke.
Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi i-Kuwait yahlela lo msebenzi ngobuciko ukuze ivikele ukulawula okuphelele kombuso phezu kwezimpahla ezinobuhle. I-KOC igcina isabelo sezabelo esingu-51%, ubunikazi obugcwele, kanye nokulawula ukusebenza, kuyilapho igunya le-Kuwait lokuthatha izinqumo mayelana nokukhiqizwa kawoyela ongahluziwe kanye nokucutshungulwa kwe-refinery lingenazithiyo. Lesi sakhiwo – "ukunikezela amalungelo okusebenzisa, ukugcina ukulawula, nokuthola uketshezi" – yingqikithi yemodeli yokwenza imali ngamapayipi evame ukusetshenziswa ozakwabo baseGulf njenge-Saudi Aramco, i-ADNOC, kanye ne-Bahrain's Bapco Energies eminyakeni yamuva. Ithola kokubili ukukhululwa kwemali kanye nokugwema ukulahlekelwa yizimpahla ezinobuhle – okuwukunqoba kwangempela.
02. Ukugijimisa umthamo we-crude ongama-4 million barrels ngosuku
IKhuwethi inamabhiliyoni angu-101.5 amabhakede kawoyela aqinisekisiwe, ikleliswe endaweni yesikhombisa emhlabeni futhi inikeza cishe amaphesenti angu-5.75% esamba somhlaba wonke. Njengomkhiqizi wesihlanu ngobukhulu we-OPEC, amandla amanje okukhiqiza uwoyela ongahluziwe eKhuwethi asukela emabhakedeni ayizigidi eziyi-3.2 ngosuku (bpd). Isu lika-KPC lika-2040 libeka ngokusobala inhloso yokukhuphula amandla okukhiqiza uwoyela ongahluziwe abe yizigidi eziyi-4 bpd ngonyaka ka-2035 – lapho cishe izigidi eziyi-3.65 bpd zivela ezimpahleni zika-KOC futhi cishe izigidi eziyi-350,000 bpd zivela e-Partitioned Neutral Zone okwabelwana ngayo neSaudi Arabia.
Nokho, izinselelo ekufezeni lo mgomo zinkulu. Insimu yaseKuwait iGreater Burgan – insimu yesibili ngobukhulu emhlabeni kawoyela – ingene esigabeni sokuguga okusheshayo, izinga lokwehla kwemvelo likhuphuka futhi izingcindezi zokuzinzisa umkhiqizo ziyakhula. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, iKuwait ithole impumelelo ephindaphindiwe yokuhlola eminyakeni yamuva: ukutholwa kwe-Al Nokhatha ngo-2024 kunenani elilinganiselwe lamabhiliyoni angu-3.2 amabhali kawoyela alinganayo; ukutholwa kwe-Al Jlaiaa ngo-2025 kunamabhiliyoni angu-800 kawoyela namakhubhu ayizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezingama-600 ezigesi; futhi ngawo lowo nyaka kwatholakala igesi ebalulekile ensimini yasolwandle iJaza. Lokhu okutholakele okusha kunikeza isisekelo esiqinile semithombo yokwandisa umthamo, kodwa ukukuguqula ngokushesha kube umkhiqizo wangempela kuzodinga ngokushesha ukwethulwa kobuchwepheshe obusha, imali, namandla okuphatha ukusebenza.
Lokhu ngumqondo ojulile wemizamo yaseKuwait yokukhuthaza ukubambisana kwamazwe ngamazwe eminyakeni yamuva. Ekuqaleni kuka-2026, uNdunankulu waseKuwait waveza ngokusobala ukuthi i-KPC ihlela izinhlelo zokumema izinkampani zikawoyela zamazwe ngamazwe ukuthi zisize ekuthuthukiseni izinsiza zikawoyela negesi ezisanda kutholakala olwandle, kanye nokwethula izinhlobo ezintsha zezinkontileka ukuze kukhuthazwe intshisekelo yokutshala izimali. I-KOC isivele inikeze izindlela ezibalulekile zokubamba iqhaza ezinkampanini zikawoyela zamazwe ngamazwe kanye nezinkampani zezinsiza zamandla ngohlaka lwe-Enhanced Technical Services Agreement (ETSA). Izinkampani ezinkulu zikawoyela negesi zamazwe ngamazwe zibonise intshisekelo enkulu yokubuyela eKuwait, kanti i-Shell, i-Total, i-BP nezinye izinkampani zihlola ngentshiseko amathuba okubambisana angaba khona.
Ezingeni lokubambisana phesheya, i-KUFPEC, okuyinkampani engaphansi kwe-KPC ebhekele ukuhlola uwoyela kwamanye amazwe, ibilokhu ihlela ngenkuthalo izimpahla zomhlaba wonke ezingeni eliphezulu. Ekuqaleni kuka-2026, yavumelana ne-Shell ukuthi izothola ingxenye engu-20% yephrojekthi yayo yasolwandle i-Orca e-Brazil, okukhombisa isu le-Kuwait lokufuna ukukhula emhlabeni wonke. Emkhakheni wamakhemikhali, i-Petrochemical Industries Company (PIC) yase-Kuwait yathola ingxenye engu-25% ye-Wanhua Chemical (Yantai) Petrochemical Company ngemali engu-$638 million ngonyaka ka-2025, okwenza umlando wokutshalwa kwezimali okukhulu kakhulu izwe laseMpumalanga Ephakathi elake lakwenza emkhakheni wamakhemikhali e-China, okuqhubekisela phambili ukuma kwe-Kuwait emakethe yase-Asia.
Indawo Engahlukanisiwe ehlukaniswe yiKuwait neSaudi Arabia nayo ihlinzeka ngendlela ebalulekile yokukhula komthamo. Ngemuva kokuqala kabusha ukukhiqiza ngo-2020, naphezu kwezinselele zokusebenza, le ndawo ibhekwa njengomthombo omkhulu owengeziwe wokufeza umgomo wesikhashana wamabhakede ayizigidi ezi-3.5 ngosuku. Lezi zinhlangothi ezimbili ziphinde zihlele ukuthuthukisa ngokubambisana insimu yegesi yase-Durra esolwandle, okuzoqhubeka nokuqinisa ukusebenzisana emkhakheni wamandla phakathi kwala mazwe amabili.
Emqondweni obanzi wesifunda, lonke isifunda saseGulf sihamba ngegagasi lokuvula imali, lapho izinkampani zikazwelonke zikawoyela ziheha utshalomali lwangaphandle ngokusebenzisa ukwenza imali ngamapayipi, amabhizinisi ahlanganyelwe aphezulu, nezinye izindlela. I-Project Peregrine iwukubonakaliswa okugxile kakhulu kwalomkhuba eKuwait – hhayi nje kuphela ukuthi ibeka irekhodi likazwelonke ngenani lokuhweba, kodwa ezingeni lamasu iphawula ukuguqulwa okujulile kweKuwait isuka “embusweni kawoyela ozivalile” iye “esikhungweni samandla esivulekile nesebenzisanayo”.
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