Izimali zaseSaudi zitshala ama-dollar ayizigidi eziyizinkulungwane eziyishumi ku-oyela negesi yase-Afghanistan!

NgoSepthemba 2026, iSaudi Delta Energy (Delta Energy) yasayina uchungechunge lwezivumelwano zokuhlola nokuthuthukisa uwoyela negesi ne-Afghanistan, ezihlanganisa ukuhlola eKushk-Tirpul Basin entshonalanga, ucwaningo lokusetshenziswa kwegesi yemvelo eHerat, kanye nephrojekthi ehlongozwayo yepayipi legesi yemvelo eliwela umngcele elingamakhilomitha angu-700, i-“CentGas – Corridor of Prosperity.” Ukutshalwa kwezimali kwepayipi kulinganiselwa kufika ku-$10 billion, kuyilapho izinga lokutshalwa kwezimali elingaba khona lalo lonke iqoqo lamaphrojekthi lingafinyelela ku-$50–60 billion.

Ezweni elisetshenziswe yimpi isikhathi eside, elinezingqalasizinda ezidiliziwe kanye nokuqashelwa komhlaba okungaqinisekile, lesi sivumelwano ngokungangabazeki siyisivumelwano esibaluleke kakhulu sokutshalwa kwezimali kwangaphandle emkhakheni wamandla e-Afghanistan eminyakeni yamuva, futhi ukubaluleka kwaso kusobala. Njengamanje, uwoyela okhiqizwa ekhaya e-Afghanistan uhlangabezana kuphela ne-15.7% yokusetshenziswa kwezwe. UNgqongqoshe Wezimayini Nezokumba Uwoyela wase-Afghanistan, u-Hidayatullah Badri, ushilo ngokusobala ukuthi unethemba lokuthola ukuzimela kwegesi yemvelo ngokuhlola nokuthuthukisa. Ezweni eline-GDP yomuntu ngamunye engamakhulu ambalwa kuphela ama-dollar futhi elincike kakhulu ekuthengeni amandla kwamanye amazwe, ukuthuthukiswa kwangaphakathi kwemithombo kawoyela negesi akukhathazi kuphela ukuphepha kwamandla kodwa futhi nokulingana kwezimali kanye nokwakhiwa kabusha komnotho.

Ngakho-ke iSaudi capital ibona ini ngempela kukho?

NgoSepthemba 7, 2026, uNgqongqoshe Wezimayini Nezokupheka Uwoyela wase-Afghanistan, u-Hidayatullah Badri, kanye no-CEO we-Delta Energy u-Shaher Al-Taqi basayina isivumelwano egameni lazo zombili izinhlangothi. Okugqamile ukuthi, owayenguMmeli Okhethekile wase-United States we-Afghanistan u-Zalmay Khalilzad waba khona emcimbini wokusayina. Ngemuva komhlangano, u-Khalilzad wathi isivumelwano "sikhombisa ukuthi i-Afghanistan isilungele ukwenza ibhizinisi."

Imigomo eyinhloko yalesi sivumelwano iqukethe izingxenye ezintathu:

Okokuqala, isivumelwano sokuhlolisisa nokukhiqiza ngokwabelana. I-Delta Energy ithole amalungelo okuhlolisisa nokuthuthukisa eKushk-Tirpul Basin. Lesi sigodi sitholakala eziFundazweni zaseHerat naseBadghis entshonalanga ye-Afghanistan. Isivumelwano sihlanganisa indawo engaba ngama-23,317 square kilometers, ihlukaniswe yaba izingxenye eziyi-11. Isikhathi sesivumelwano siyiminyaka engama-25, kufaka phakathi isikhathi sokuhlolisisa esiyiminyaka engu-8. Utshalomali lokuqala luyizigidi ezingama-200 zamaRandi aseMelika, oluzosetshenziselwa izifundo ze-geological ne-geophysical, ukuhlolisisa nge-seismic, ukumba kokuhlolisisa, kanye nokuhlola i-reservoir.

Okwesibili, ucwaningo lokusetshenziswa kwegesi yemvelo. I-Delta izoxhasa futhi yenze ucwaningo ngokusetshenziswa kwegesi yemvelo endaweni yase-Herat, okuhlanganisa i-Herat Industrial Park, idolobha lase-Herat, nezinye izindawo eziqokiwe, ihlola amathuba okusetshenziswa kwegesi yemvelo ekukhiqizeni kwezimboni, ukuphehla ugesi, nezinye izidingo zamandla.

Okwesithathu, ucwaningo lwepayipi le-CentGas. Ingxenye eheha kakhulu ipayipi legesi yemvelo elihlongozwayo elingamakhilomitha angu-700, elibizwa ngekhodi ethi “CentGas – Corridor of Prosperity.” Leli payipi liqala eduze kwendawo yase-Guzara esifundazweni sase-Herat bese liphela endaweni yase-Spin Boldak esifundazweni sase-Kandahar eduze nomngcele wasePakistan. I-Delta ilinganisela ukuthi leli payipi lodwa lidinga ukutshalwa kwezimali okulinganiselwa ku-$10 billion kanye nesikhathi sokwakha esiyiminyaka eyi-10.

I-Delta Energy inikeze izilinganiso ezimbili ezahlukene zokutshalwa kwezimali embikweni wayo wezindaba: cishe ama-dollar ayizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezingama-50 eminyakeni engama-25 kulo lonke iqoqo lamaphrojekthi, noma cishe ama-dollar ayizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezingama-60 eminyakeni eyishumi yokuhlola, ukuthuthukiswa kwezindawo zikawoyela, ukusetshenziswa kwegesi yemvelo, amapayipi, kanye nezinsiza ezihlobene ezihlangene. Inkampani ayizange ivumelanise lezi zibalo ezimbili, futhi yasho ngokusobala ukuthi zombili izilinganiso ezinemibandela futhi azimeleli ukutshalwa kwezimali okuzibophezele.

I-Delta Energy yagcizelela ukuthi ukwakhiwa kwepayipi kuncike ekuhloleni okuphumelelayo, ekuqinisekisweni kwezinqolobane ezanele, ekusebenzeni kwezobuchwepheshe kanye nezomnotho, ekuxhasweni ngezimali, ekugunyazweni okulawulayo, kanye nesinqumo sokugcina sokutshala imali. USheikh Badr Mohammed Al-Aiban, uSihlalo weDelta International Holding Group, uthe inkampani izoqhubeka ngezigaba, iqale ngokuhlola nokuhlola kwezobuchwepheshe, bese ithatha isinqumo sokuthi ingena yini ezigabeni zokuthuthukisa ezilandelayo.

Cishe ngesikhathi esifanayo, i-Afghanistan iphinde yasayina isivumelwano samaRandi ayizigidi eziyi-13.8 ($13.8 million) nenkampani yaseRussia i-TNG, esihlanganisa ukugadwa kanye nezinsizakalo zokubonisana mayelana nomgodi kawoyela wase-Amu Darya kanye nokwakhiwa kwesikhungo sokukhiqiza esiguquguqukayo esinamandla okucubungula amathani angu-2,000 ngosuku endaweni yase-Zamrad Sai. Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-Uzbekistan isivele yaqala ukuthuthukisa indawo yegesi yase-Tuti-Maidan enyakatho ye-Afghanistan ngoMandulo 2025; le ndawo ilingiselwa ukuthi inamagesi angaba yizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezintathu (3 trillion cubic meters), futhi ukutshalwa kwezimali okuphelele kulindeleke ukuthi kufinyelele ku-$1 billion. I-Afghanistan ngesikhathi esifanayo iheha imali evela ezinhlangothini eziningi—iSaudi Arabia, iRussia, i-Uzbekistan, iChina, kanye nabanye—emkhakheni wayo wamandla.

Isizathu esiyinhloko sokuphendukela kweSaudi Arabia e-Afghanistan yingcebo yayo yemvelo. Umlando wokuhlola uwoyela negesi e-Afghanistan uhlehlela emuva esikhathini seSoviet Union. Ngawo-1960 nawo-1970, iSoviet Union yatshala imali eningi ocwaningweni lwezwe kanye nengqalasizinda enyakatho ye-Afghanistan. Ekuphakameni kwayo ngasekupheleni kwawo-1970, i-Afghanistan yayithumela cishe amabhiliyoni amathathu e-cubic metres egesi yemvelo ngonyaka eSoviet Union. Izimpi zangemva kwalokho zamashumi eminyaka zabangela ukwehla kokukhiqiza kanye nokuguga kwengqalasizinda nokuwohloka kwayo.

Ngokusho kwedatha evela eqenjini elihlanganyelwe lokuhlola le-United States Geological Survey (USGS) kanye noMnyango Wezimayini Nezokumbiwa Kukaphilayo wase-Afghanistan, izinsiza zikawoyela ongakatholakali eziseningizimu ye-Afghanistan zicishe zibe yizigidi eziyizinkulungwane eziyi-1.6 zamabhayela, kanti igesi yemvelo icishe ibe yizigidi eziyizinkulungwane eziyi-16 zama-cubic feet. Ezinye izilinganiso zibonisa ukuthi izinqolobane zikawoyela ezweni lonke lase-Afghanistan zingafinyelela kuzigidi eziyizinkulungwane eziyi-1.8 zamabhayela. Ukuhlolwa kwezinsiza okuqhubekayo kwe-USGS kwango-2026 kwe-Amu Darya Basin (okuhlanganisa i-Turkmenistan, i-Uzbekistan, ne-Afghanistan) kubonisa izinsiza ezingasetshenziswa ngobuchwepheshe ezicishe zibe yizigidi eziyizinkulungwane eziyi-519 zikawoyela ongakatholakali kanye nezigidi eziyizinkulungwane eziyi-82.9 zama-cubic feet egesi yemvelo. Ohlangothini lwase-Afghanistan lwe-Amu Darya Basin, ezinye izikhungo zilinganisela uwoyela ongakatholakali ongasetshenziswa cishe kube yizigidi eziyizinkulungwane eziyi-962 kanye negesi yemvelo ecishe ibe yizigidi eziyizinkulungwane eziyi-52 zama-cubic feet.

Iziqukathi zegesi yemvelo eziqinisekisiwe zase-Afghanistan njengamanje zilinganiselwa phakathi kwezigidigidi eziyi-150 neziyi-200 zamamitha ayikhubikubili, kanti izinsiza ezingaba khona zingase zibe zinkulu nakakhulu. Izifundazwe ezisenyakatho ezisemngceleni we-Turkmenistan ne-Uzbekistan ziqukethe izinsiza zegesi yemvelo ezingasetshenziswanga ezinothile kakhulu. Iziqukathi ezilinganiselwayo zensimu yegesi yase-Tuti-Maidan zodwa zifinyelela ezigidigidini eziyi-3 zamamitha ayikhubikubili, okukhombisa izinga elikhulu lamandla ayo ezinsiza.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, indawo yase-Afghanistan isemqoka ekubalulekeni kwayo kwezamasu kwezamandla. OwayenguMmeleli Okhethekile wase-United States we-Afghanistan uZalmay Khalilzad waphawula ngemuva komcimbi wokusayina ukuthi i-Afghanistan kudala ibhekwa “njengebhuloho lomhlaba” elixhumanisa i-Asia Ephakathi (isifunda esicebile ngezinsiza) ne-Asia Eningizimu (isifunda esinabantu abaningi abanesidingo esikhulu sezinsiza), futhi manje, ngaphandle kweqhaza layo njengebhuloho, i-Afghanistan ngokwayo kulindeleke ukuthi ibe umthombo wezinsiza eziningi ezimakethe zomhlaba, ikakhulukazi imakethe yase-Asia Eningizimu.

Lokhu kuhlola kukhomba ngqo enhlosweni yamasu yepayipi le-CentGas. Leli payipi lisuka e-Herat liye e-Spin Boldak (emngceleni wasePakistan), okwakha umzila wokuthumela ngaphandle ukuze kuthuthwe izinsiza zegesi yemvelo zisuka entshonalanga ye-Afghanistan ziya ezimakethe zasePakistan naseNingizimu Asia. Uma kubhekwa ukuthi ipayipi legesi yemvelo i-Turkmenistan-Afghanistan-Pakistan-India (TAPI) liyaqhubeka—uxhumano lwalo olungaba ngu-153-km i-Serhetabat-Herat e-Afghanistan lwaqala ngoSepthemba 2024, futhi umzila wonke we-TAPI wakhelwe umthamo wokuthutha igesi waminyaka yonke ongama-cubic metres ayizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezingama-33—i-CentGas ne-TAPI zinobudlelwano obuthile bokubambisana nokuncintisana mayelana nomzila. Zombili zidlula e-Herat futhi zombili ziqondise emakethe yaseNingizimu Asia. Uma i-CentGas igcwaliseka, izokwakha umzila ozimele wokuthumela ngaphandle kwezinsiza ze-Afghanistan uqobo, esikhundleni sokuba nje izwe elidlulayo lezinsiza zaseTurkmenistan.

Ngaphansi kwesimo sokushintshwa kwamandla emhlabeni wonke, iSaudi Arabia ithuthukisa ngenkuthalo impahla yayo kawoyela negesi phesheya ukuze iqinise umthelela wayo wamandla emhlabeni wonke. Izinsiza zikawoyela negesi zase-Afghanistan ezingakasetshenziswa, indawo yazo eduze nezimakethe zaseNingizimu Asia ezikhula ngamandla, kanye nesimo samanje esibucayi sokuxhumana ngokoqobo komphakathi wamazwe ngamazwe nombuso wamaTaliban, konke lokhu kwakha ithuba eliqukethe ingozi kanye nenzuzo. Amazwi kamengameli weDelta athi "lokhu akukona nje ukutshalwa kwezimali kuwoyela negesi" akhombisa ngqo lolu hlobo lokuma kwamasu omnotho womhlaba.

Embonini yamafutha negesi yomhlaba wonke, i-Afghanistan iphinda ingene emephini yezinsiza isuka ekhoneni elikhohliwe. Nakuba idatha yokuhlola ye-USGS ingezona izinqolobane zentengiselwano, yanele ukukhombisa ukuthi amandla ayo ezinsiza awakwazi ukunganakwa. Njengengxenye yohlelo lwamafutha negesi lwase-Asia Ephakathi, izimo zokuqoqeka kwamasongo e-Amu Darya Basin ziyafana nalezo zensimu zegesi ezithuthukisiwe zase-Turkmenistan nase-Uzbekistan. Uma ukuhlola kwe-Delta Energy kwenza impumelelo, i-Afghanistan ingaba indawo entsha yokuhlinzeka emzileni wamandla we-Asia Ephakathi–Asia Ephansi.

Nokho, kusukela ekutshalweni kwezimali kokuqala kwama-dollar ayizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezingama-200 kuya kupayipi lama-dollar ayizigidi eziyizinkulungwane eziyishumi, kukhona izingqinamba eziningi phakathi, okuhlanganisa izingozi zokwakheka komhlaba, izinselelo zezimali, isimo sokuphepha, kanye nokwamukelwa kwamazwe ngamazwe. Kunoma yikuphi, lesi sivumelwano siphawula ukuqala komzuliswano omusha wokuncintisana phakathi kwezimali zamazwe ngamazwe emkhakheni wamandla e-Afghanistan.