isiZulu
Ukuphathwa Okuqinile, Ikhwalithi Kuqala, Isevisi Ekhwalithi, Nokwaneliseka Kwekhasimende
I-United States ihlela ukudayisa izingxenye zikawoyela negesi eziyi-15,100 eGulf of Mexico, ezihlanganisa amahektare ayizigidi eziyi-80.4
I-Bureau of Ocean Energy Management (BOEM) yaseMelika isimemezele ukudayiswa kwesine kwezindawo zokumba uwoyela negesi olwandle eGulf of Mexico. Ihlela ukunikeza izinkampani zikawoyela negesi cishe izigaba ezingama-15,104 ezingaqashisiwe zasolwandle, ezinesamba sendawo esingaba izigidi ezingama-80.4 zamahektare (cishe amakhilomitha-skwele angama-325,400). Lokhu kudayiswa kwezindawo kunenombolo ethi BBG4, kuphakamisa izinga lenzuzo yokukhiqiza uwoyela negesi elingama-12.5%, futhi kuhlelwe ukuthi kuvulwe ukubhida ngoNdasa 2027.
Indawo yokudayiswa ehlongozwayo itholakala ku-Outer Continental Shelf yaseMelika eGulf of Mexico. Imibhalo yesaziso efanele ibeka imingcele yezigaba, imigomo yokuqashisa, amanani amancane okubhida, amanani entela yokuqashisa, kanye nemikhawulo yokuqashisa. I-ejensi yokuphatha futhi ishicilele imephu yokudayiswa ehlongozwayo, ulwazi lwezigaba, kanye nezinto zokubhida ukuze zibuyekezwe ngabangase babhide.
Ngaphansi koMthetho Wokuncishiswa Kwentela Yemindeni Esebenzayo owaphasiswa e-United States ngo-2025, uhulumeni wobumbano kufanele abambe okungenani ukudayiswa kwezivumelwano zokugqwayiza kukawoyela negesi eGulf of Mexico okungama-30 ngo-2040. Le BBG4 iwukudayiswa kwesine okudingwa yilo mthetho. Ezintathu zokuqala zabanjwa ngo-2025 nango-2026 futhi zathola izinhlawulo eziphezulu ezilinganiselwa ku-US$430 million.
Ngokusho kwedatha evela ku-Bureau of Ocean Minerals Management yase-United States, i-Gulf of Mexico Outer Continental Shelf ihlanganisa indawo ecishe ibe yizigidi eziyi-160 zama-acre, futhi kulinganiselwa ukuthi iqukethe ama-barrel ayizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezingama-26.9 omthombo kawoyela ongakatholakali kodwa okwaziwa ngokobuchwepheshe ukuthi ungatholakala, kanye namathriliyoni angama-45.59 e-cubic feet omthombo wegesi yemvelo. Ama-acre ayizigidi ezingama-80.4 ahlelelwe ukudayiswa kulokhu angaphakathi kwendawo yezigaba ezingakaqashiswa, kuyilapho izilinganiso zemithombo efanele zihlanganisa yonke i-Gulf of Mexico Outer Continental Shelf.
Isaziso sokudayiswa esihlongozwayo salo mzuliswano sihlelelwe ukushicilelwa ku-Federal Register yase-U.S. ngo-Okthoba 9, ngemuva kwalokho isikhathi sokubeka imibono sezinsuku ezingama-60 sizoqala ukuze kutholwe imibono yababusi bezifunda ezisogwini ezithintekayo kanye nohulumeni basekhaya. Ngemuva kokubuyekeza imibono, isikhungo esiphethe sizokhipha isaziso sokugcina sokudayiswa okungenani izinsuku ezingama-30 ngaphambi kosuku oluhlelelwe ukuvulwa kwamabhidi. Ukubhida kulindeleke ukuthi kwenzeke ngo-Mashi 2027.
NgoJulayi 10, 2026, uMnyango Wezangaphakathi wase-United States wahlanganisa i-Bureau of Ocean Energy Management yangaphambili kanye ne-Bureau of Safety and Environmental Enforcement kwaba yi-Bureau of Ocean Minerals Management, ebhekele ukuphathwa okuhlangene kwezamandla asolwandle kanye nezinsiza zamaminerali zasolwandle zase-United States, okuhlanganisa ukugunyazwa kwezivumelwano zokuqashisa, ukugadwa kwezokuphepha, kanye nokuvikelwa kwemvelo.
Ama-cyclone desander e-SAGA asebenza ngendlela ephezulu, aziwa abaholi bamandla omhlaba wonke, afinyelela izinga lokuhlukanisa elingama-98%. Akhiwe ngobumba olukhethekile olungagugi, la ma-unit asusa ama-98% ezinhlayiyana ezincane kufika kuma-0.5 microns emisakazweni yegesi. Lokhu kwenza ukuthi igesi ekhiqiziwe iphinde ijovwe ukuze kusetshenziswe i-miscible flooding emanzini angena kalula—okuyindlela ebalulekile yokuthuthukisa ukukhishwa kukawoyela ezindaweni ezinzima. La ma-unit angaphinda futhi acubungule amanzi akhiqiziwe, asuse ama-98% ezinhlayiyana ezinkulu kune-2 microns ukuze ajovwe ngqo, ngaleyo ndlela kuthuthukiswe ukusebenza kahle kwe-water-flood futhi kuncishiswe umthelela kwezemvelo.
I-High Efficiency Ultra-Fine Particle Desander entsha iyithuluzi lokuhlukanisa uketshezi nokuqinile elisebenzisa umgomo osebenza kahle we-centrifugal. Ihlukanisa ukungcola okulengayo—okuqinile emanzini akhiqizwayo, emanzini olwandle kanye ne-condensate; izinhlayiya ezincane oketshezini olunokukhanya okuphezulu; kanye ne-catalyst powder kuma-reactor—kuketshezi (uketshezi, amagesi noma izingxube zoketshezi negesi). Ibamba izinhlayiya eziqinile ezifika ku-2 microns nge-98% yempumelelo. Ithuluzi linikeza impumelelo ephezulu yokususa isihlabathi kanye nendawo encane, alidingi amandla angaphandle noma izithako zamakhemikhali, linesikhathi sokusebenza esingaba iminyaka engu-20, futhi livumela ukukhishwa kwesihlabathi ku-inthanethi ngaphandle kokumisa ukukhiqiza.
Kufakazelwe emkhakheni emikhulu yomhlaba wonke eqhutshwa yi-CNOOC, i-CNPC, i-Petronas nabanye eNingizimu-mpumalanga ye-Asia, ama-desander e-SAGA afakwa kumaphulatifomu ewellhead kanye nokukhiqiza. Aqinisekisa ukususwa okuthembekile kwezinto eziqinile kugesi, uketshezi lwewell kanye ne-condensate, futhi abalulekile ekuhlanzeni amanzi olwandle, ekuvikeleni imifudlana yokukhiqiza kanye nezinhlelo zokujova amanzi/izikhukhula.
Iphothifoliyo ebanzi yokwehlukanisa ye-SAGA ihlanganisa izinhlelo ze-membrane zokususa i-CO₂ kugesi yemvelo, ama-hydrocyclone okususa uwoyela, amayunithi okuntanta acwebile asebenza kahle (ama-CFU), ukususa isihlabathi kugesi ye-Shale, iphakethe le-Cyclonic dewatering elinokuhlanjululwa kwamanzi akhiqizwayo, kanye nama-hydrocyclone anamagumbi amaningi, okunikeza izixazululo eziphelele ezinseleleni ezinzima kakhulu zemboni.
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